SPR 2020: Important Terms of Ancient and Medieval Period
Common jargons of Ancient Period |
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Lohit Ayas | Copper | Pradeshika | Head of District Administration | |
Syam Ayas | Iron | Nagarka | City administration | |
Vanik | Traders | Jesthaka | Chief of a Guild | |
Gramini | Village Head | Prathamakulika | Chief of artisans | |
Bhagadugha | Tax collector | Uparika | Governor of Bhukti | |
Sthapati | Chief Judge | Didishu | Remarried woman | |
Takshan | Carpenter | Amatya | High official | |
Niska | Unit of currency | Dvija | Initiation into education | |
Satamana | Unit of currency | Yukta | Revenue officer in the Mauryan period. | |
Pana | A term used for coin | Rajjukas | Land measurement & fixing land revenue | |
Shresthi | Guilds | Sabha | Assembly of few select ones | |
Vihara | Buddhist Monastery | Samiti | Larger Assembly | |
Chaitya | Sacred Enclosure | Dharamamahamatya | Most important post created by Asoka. |
Terms in the Later Vedic Period |
|
Sabha | Assembly of Brahmans and elders |
Samiti | Assembly of Commoners |
Vidhata | For war booty distribution |
Gana | Highest Advisory body |
Unit/Head | |
Kula/ Family |
Kulapa |
Grama (Village) |
Gramani |
Vis (Clan) |
Vispati |
Jana (People) |
Gopa/Gopati |
Rashtra (the Country) | Rajan |
Officials in the Later Vedic Period |
|
Purohita | Chief Priest, also sometimes referred to as Rashtragopa |
Senani | Supreme Commander of the army |
Jivagribha | Police Officer |
Vrajapati | Officer-in-Charge of pasture land |
Spasas/ Dutas | Spies who also sometimes worked as messengers |
Madhyamasi | Mediator on disputes |
Bhagadugha | Revenue collector |
Sangrahitri | Treasurer |
Mahishi | Chief Queen |
Suta | Charioteer and court minstrel |
Important officials in the Mauryan Empire |
|
Sannidhata | Chief treasury officer |
Samaharta | Chief tax collector |
Vyavharika/Dharmastha | Chief justice of the civil court |
Pradeshta | Chief justice of the criminal court |
Prsdesika | Chief revenue officer |
Rajuka | Revenue settlement officer |
Yukta | Tax collector |
Sthanika | Head of local administration |
Gopa | Responsible for accounts |
Nagaraka | Incharge of the city administration |
Akshapla | Account general |
Sitaadhyaksha | Supervised Agriculture |
Panyadhyaksha | Superintendent of commerce |
Samstha dhyaksha | Superintendent of market |
Potwadhyaksha | Superintendent of weights and measures |
Navaadhyaksha | Superintendent of ships |
Sulkaadhyaksha | Collector of tolls |
Akaradhyaksha | Superintendent of mines |
Lohadhyaksha | Superintendent of iron |
Common jargons of the Medieval Period |
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Mamluk | White slaves | Ur | Common village assembly (Chola period) |
Muqaddam | Village head | Nagaram | Assembly of merchants (Chola period) |
Sondhar | loans | Sabha | Assembly of Brahmins (Chola period) |
Khots | Village head | Khutba | A sermon made in Friday mosque |
Sharia | Muslim law | Madad-i-Maash | Tax-free grants of land |
Waqf | Grants to Muslim religious establishment | Pargana | Around Hundred villages. |
Mir Bakshi | Military department | Sadr us sadur | Ecclesiastical affairs |
Ummah | Muslim believers | Mir Saman | Supply department |
Qanungos | Keeper of revenue records | Zabt | Revenue-based on land measurement |
Shiqdar | Headed Pargana | Amils | Revenue officer |
Ibadat Khana | House of worship (Fatehpur Sikri) | Hundis | Bills of Exchange |
Diwan | The function of finance (Akbar’s time) | Dhimmis | Non-Muslim people |
Wujuhat | Taxes on cattle, grazing, orchards. | Vimans | Towers of temple |
Shaikhzadas | Indian Muslims nobility | Din | Religion |
Peshwa | Prime minister (Shivaji) | Ganj | A grain market |
Amatya | Revenue minister (Shivaji) | Gomashta | Commercial agent |
Sumant | Foreign minister (Shivaji) | Hun | A gold coin |
Dam | Coin (1/4th of a rupee) | Bargir | Cavalrymen (horse belonged to leader) |
Sarkar | A number of Paragana | Nankar | A portion of revenue given to Zamindar |
Diwan-i-Arz | Ministry of Military Affairs | Khums | Tax on plunder |
Diwan-i-Insha | Ministry of Royal Correspondences | Zawabit | Non Shariat state laws |
Faujdar | Incharge of Sarkar | Diwan-i-Risalat | Religious affairs |
Malfuzat | Sayings of Sufi saint | Diwan-i-Kul | Wazir or chief imperial fiscal minister. |
Tankah | Silver coin | Diwan-i-Wizarat | Department of finance |
Khalisa | Land revenue directly for the imperial treasury | Wilayat | The spiritual territory of a Sufi |
Kanqah | Sufi lodging | Misl | Sikh Regions (12 |
Umra | Collective term for nobility | Watandar | Desais & Deshmukh (collective term) |
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