Common jargons of Ancient Period |
||||
| Lohit Ayas | Copper | Pradeshika | Head of District Administration | |
| Syam Ayas | Iron | Nagarka | City administration | |
| Vanik | Traders | Jesthaka | Chief of a Guild | |
| Gramini | Village Head | Prathamakulika | Chief of artisans | |
| Bhagadugha | Tax collector | Uparika | Governor of Bhukti | |
| Sthapati | Chief Judge | Didishu | Remarried woman | |
| Takshan | Carpenter | Amatya | High official | |
| Niska | Unit of currency | Dvija | Initiation into education | |
| Satamana | Unit of currency | Yukta | Revenue officer in the Mauryan period. | |
| Pana | A term used for coin | Rajjukas | Land measurement & fixing land revenue | |
| Shresthi | Guilds | Sabha | Assembly of few select ones | |
| Vihara | Buddhist Monastery | Samiti | Larger Assembly | |
| Chaitya | Sacred Enclosure | Dharamamahamatya | Most important post created by Asoka. | |
Terms in the Later Vedic Period |
|
| Sabha | Assembly of Brahmans and elders |
| Samiti | Assembly of Commoners |
| Vidhata | For war booty distribution |
| Gana | Highest Advisory body |
| Unit/Head | |
| Kula/ Family |
Kulapa |
| Grama (Village) |
Gramani |
| Vis (Clan) |
Vispati |
| Jana (People) |
Gopa/Gopati |
| Rashtra (the Country) | Rajan |
Officials in the Later Vedic Period |
|
| Purohita | Chief Priest, also sometimes referred to as Rashtragopa |
| Senani | Supreme Commander of the army |
| Jivagribha | Police Officer |
| Vrajapati | Officer-in-Charge of pasture land |
| Spasas/ Dutas | Spies who also sometimes worked as messengers |
| Madhyamasi | Mediator on disputes |
| Bhagadugha | Revenue collector |
| Sangrahitri | Treasurer |
| Mahishi | Chief Queen |
| Suta | Charioteer and court minstrel |
Important officials in the Mauryan Empire |
|
| Sannidhata | Chief treasury officer |
| Samaharta | Chief tax collector |
| Vyavharika/Dharmastha | Chief justice of the civil court |
| Pradeshta | Chief justice of the criminal court |
| Prsdesika | Chief revenue officer |
| Rajuka | Revenue settlement officer |
| Yukta | Tax collector |
| Sthanika | Head of local administration |
| Gopa | Responsible for accounts |
| Nagaraka | Incharge of the city administration |
| Akshapla | Account general |
| Sitaadhyaksha | Supervised Agriculture |
| Panyadhyaksha | Superintendent of commerce |
| Samstha dhyaksha | Superintendent of market |
| Potwadhyaksha | Superintendent of weights and measures |
| Navaadhyaksha | Superintendent of ships |
| Sulkaadhyaksha | Collector of tolls |
| Akaradhyaksha | Superintendent of mines |
| Lohadhyaksha | Superintendent of iron |
Common jargons of the Medieval Period |
|||
| Mamluk | White slaves | Ur | Common village assembly (Chola period) |
| Muqaddam | Village head | Nagaram | Assembly of merchants (Chola period) |
| Sondhar | loans | Sabha | Assembly of Brahmins (Chola period) |
| Khots | Village head | Khutba | A sermon made in Friday mosque |
| Sharia | Muslim law | Madad-i-Maash | Tax-free grants of land |
| Waqf | Grants to Muslim religious establishment | Pargana | Around Hundred villages. |
| Mir Bakshi | Military department | Sadr us sadur | Ecclesiastical affairs |
| Ummah | Muslim believers | Mir Saman | Supply department |
| Qanungos | Keeper of revenue records | Zabt | Revenue-based on land measurement |
| Shiqdar | Headed Pargana | Amils | Revenue officer |
| Ibadat Khana | House of worship (Fatehpur Sikri) | Hundis | Bills of Exchange |
| Diwan | The function of finance (Akbar’s time) | Dhimmis | Non-Muslim people |
| Wujuhat | Taxes on cattle, grazing, orchards. | Vimans | Towers of temple |
| Shaikhzadas | Indian Muslims nobility | Din | Religion |
| Peshwa | Prime minister (Shivaji) | Ganj | A grain market |
| Amatya | Revenue minister (Shivaji) | Gomashta | Commercial agent |
| Sumant | Foreign minister (Shivaji) | Hun | A gold coin |
| Dam | Coin (1/4th of a rupee) | Bargir | Cavalrymen (horse belonged to leader) |
| Sarkar | A number of Paragana | Nankar | A portion of revenue given to Zamindar |
| Diwan-i-Arz | Ministry of Military Affairs | Khums | Tax on plunder |
| Diwan-i-Insha | Ministry of Royal Correspondences | Zawabit | Non Shariat state laws |
| Faujdar | Incharge of Sarkar | Diwan-i-Risalat | Religious affairs |
| Malfuzat | Sayings of Sufi saint | Diwan-i-Kul | Wazir or chief imperial fiscal minister. |
| Tankah | Silver coin | Diwan-i-Wizarat | Department of finance |
| Khalisa | Land revenue directly for the imperial treasury | Wilayat | The spiritual territory of a Sufi |
| Kanqah | Sufi lodging | Misl | Sikh Regions (12 |
| Umra | Collective term for nobility | Watandar | Desais & Deshmukh (collective term) |
