Syllabus for Telugu Literature Optional

 UPSC IAS Mains optional includes two optional papers of 250 marks each. Telugu literature is one of the optional subjects offered by UPSC. It has a rich tradition of literary works including poetry, drama, novels, and short stories. The syllabus for Telugu includes concepts such as the evolution of the language, the effects of various factors, and other languages in the development of Telugu, its grammar, dialects, and processes used in translation into the language. It also includes the history of literature, various schools of writing, and genres in which literature is available.

Section A – Language

• Place of Telugu among Dravidian languages and its antiquity-Etymological history of Telugu, Tenugu and Andhra.
• Major linguistic changes in phonological, morphological, grammatical and syntactical levels, from Proto-Dravidian to old Telugu and from old Telugu to Modern Telugu.
• Evolution of spoken Telugu when compared to classical Telugu-Formal and functional view of Telugu language.
• Influence of other languages and its impact on Telugu.
• Modernization of Telugu language.
  • Linguistic and literary movements and their role in modernization of Telugu.
  • Role of media in modernization of Telugu (Newspapers, Radio, TV etc.)
  • Problems of terminology and mechanisms in coining new terms in Telugu in various discourses including scientific and technical.
  • Dialects of Telugu-Regional and social variations and problems of standardization.
  • Syntax-Major divisions of Telugu sentences-simple, complex and compound sentences-Noun and verb predications-Processes of nominalization and relativization-Direct and indirect reporting-conversion processes.
  • Translation-Problems of translation, cultural, social and idiomatic-Methods of translation-Approaches to translation-Literary and other kinds of translation-various uses of translation.

Section B – Literature

• Literature in Pre-Nannaya Period-Marga and Desi poetry.
• Nannaya Period-Historical and literary background of Andhra Mahabharata.
• Saiva poets and their contribution-Dwipada, Sataka, Ragada, Udaharana.
• Tikkana and his place in Telugu literature.
• Errana and his literary works-Nachana Somana and his new approach to poetry.
• Srinatha and Potana-Their woks and contribution.
• Bhakti poets in Telugu literature-Tallapaka Annamayya, Ramadasu, Tyagayya.8. Evolution of prabandhas-Kavya and prabandha.
• Southern school of Telugu literature-Raghunatha Nayaka, Chemakura Vankatakavi and women poets-Literary forms like yakshagana, prose and padakavita.
• Modern Telugu Literature and literary forms-Novel, Short Story, Drama, Playlet and poetic forms.
• Literary Movements: Reformation, Nationalism, Neo-classicism, Romanticism and Progressive, Revolutionary movements.
• Digambarakavulu, Feminist and Dalit Literature.
• Main divisions of folk literature-Performing folk arts.

• Aesthetic approach-Rasa, Dhwani, Vakroti and Auchitya-Formal and Structural-Imagery and Symbolism.
• Sociological, Historical, Ideological, Psychological approaches.

Section A

• Nannaya-Dushyanta Charitra (Adiparva 4th Canto verses 5-109)
• Tikkana-Sri Krishna Rayabaramu (Udyoga parva -3rd Canto verses 1-144)
• Srinatha-Guna Nidhi Katha (Kasi-khandam, 4th Canto, verses 76-133)
• Pingali Surana-Sugatri Salinulakatha (Kalapurnodayamu 4 Canto verses, 60-142)
• Molla-Ramayanamu (Balakanda including avatarika)
• Kasula Purushothama Kavi-Andhra Nayaka Satakamu

Section B

• Gurajada Appa Rao-Animutyalu (Short stories)
• Viswanatha Satyanarayana-Andhra prasasti
• Devulapalli Krishna Sastry-Krishnapaksham (excluding Urvasi and Pravasam)
• Sri Sri-Maha prastanam.
• Jashuva-Gabbilam (Part I)
• C. Narayana Reddy-Karpuravasanta rayalu.
• Kanuparti Varalakshmamma-Sarada lekhalu (Part I)
• Atreya-N.G.O.
• Racha konda Visswanatha Sastry-Alpajaeevi.